It was used to control the flow of steam to the cylinder of early double-acting steam engines, such as those designed by Richard Trevithick. It is useful to take a fluid sample without affecting the pressure of a hydraulic system and to avoid degassing (no leak, no gas loss or air entry, no external contamination). It can be used to isolate and to simultaneously bypass a sampling cylinder installed on a pressurized water line. It has two flow positions, and usually a central position where all ports are closed. The plug may be cylindrical or tapered, or a ball. The four-way valve or four-way cock is a fluid control valve whose body has four ports equally spaced round the valve chamber and the plug has two passages to connect adjacent ports.
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